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Chungui: Chuschihuaycco un infierno

Enviado el 26/12/2011

Edilberto Jiménez Quispe

"Cuanto he llorado, hasta a mi cabrita tenía que cubrir con plástico negro, así tenía que caminar en los montes, no sentía a la noche ni al día, he caminado en sueños, cuando esos hijos del diablo se posesionaron, se hicieron su casa. Este pueblo ha sido un infierno, en Chuschihuaycco están los muertos."
Cleofé Valenzuela, Chungui, abril de 1997.

Cuando viajé por primera vez en setiembre de 1996 a Chungui, acompañé a los profesionales del Centro de Desarrollo Agropecuario, con la misión de recoger sus cantos y costumbres para difundirlos en el programa radial Rimaykusunchik (Conversemos) que yo conducía.

Después de varias horas de viaje, llegamos al pueblo de Anco donde finaliza la trocha carrozable. Allí nos esperaban dos miembros del Comité de Autodefensa quienes habían venido con sus retrocargas para acompañarnos en nuestro recorrido. Uno de ellos iba delante y el otro, atrás. Caminamos hacia el abra de los cerros como subiendo al cielo, entre neblinas y silbidos del viento, ya en horas de la noche llegamos al pueblo de Chungui.

Anunciaron nuestra presencia haciendo un disparo con la retrocarga. En seguida se apersonaron las autoridades y algunas señoras trajeron una “manduka” que es un instrumento muy particular de la zona como si fuera el “hijo” de la guitarra y la mandolina. Nos ofrecieron su alegría tocando y cantando sus canciones del género Llaqtamaqta (Mozo del pueblo).

Después de este primer viaje, regresé repetidas veces con la misma misión. Por supuesto, fui sobrecogido por los horrores de la barbarie de los años 80. El distrito de Chungui y, en especial, la zona de Oreja de Perro se habían convertido en uno de los escenarios más sangrientos del conflicto armado. Familias enteras fueron salvajemente abusadas, torturadas y asesinadas por miembros de Sendero Luminoso y de la Guardia Republicana, además de los sinchis de la Guardia Civil, linces del Ejército Peruano y los propios comuneros de los Comités de Autodefensa.

Como indica el informe efectuado para la CVR por el Centro para la Promoción y el Desarrollo Andino de Andahuaylas, en los años 70, antes de la violencia política, la zona de Oreja de Perro estaba poblada por 6,500 habitantes; ahora apenas llega a 2 mil. La mayoría murió durante el genocidio de las últimas décadas y el resto se dispersó por todo el país. El ex comisionado de la CVR, Carlos Iván Degregori con quien viajamos entre el 2007 y 2008, condenó ese holocausto que hizo desaparecer la población de este distrito. Decía, además, que las autoridades de Chungui deberían recordar a sus fallecidos haciendo un Santuario de la Memoria.

Cada vez que estuve en Chungui escuchaba testimonios espantosos que me hacían llorar. Tenía que suspirar para desaguarme de ese dolor que absorbía. Sus pobladores decían haber tenido un ciprés muy frondoso que era la alegría de los niños pero que cuando se instaló la Base Militar en abril del 1984, el terror se apoderó del pueblo y del arbolito. Los detenidos eran conducidos al cuarto del confesionario que todavía puede verse con la inscripción “Ama llulla”, (No seas mentiroso).

Los pobladores eran llevados a la plaza, allí los militares les mostraban manos y orejas de los asesinados y les decían: “Así van morir si son terroristas de mierda, a los terroristas hay que matar y matar”. Todos tenían que mantenerse callados sin dejar caer sus lágrimas, pues si lloraban eran sindicados como terroristas y tenían que morir. Encomendaban su suerte a la Virgen del Rosario. No obstante, muchos fueron torturados, asesinados, fusilados, amarrados y colgados de las vigas de la Base Militar, del local municipal, del ciprés. Luego eran arrastrados al lugar de Chuschihuaycco a sólo 10 minutos de la plaza para ser enterrados.

Las patrullas militares y los Comités de Autodefensa cometían robos, saqueos y detenían sin misericordia a mujeres y niños, abusando y asesinando a sangre fría. Los que vieron contaron entre lágrimas: “Su mamá ya estaba muerta y el chiquito rogaba que no lo maten, no me mates te lo voy cantar un cantito, pero la bala le destrozó la cabeza”. Otros antes de morir eran colgados al árbol de sauco. Otros eran enterrados estando aún agonizantes. Esos años aumentaron las moscas y el olor de los muertos llegaba hasta el pueblo. Los militares lo llamaban el cementerio de los “tucos”.

En octubre del 2010, Daniel Huamán, alcalde de Chungui, inauguró en la plaza principal el monumento de la Virgen del Rosario, fundadora y patrona de Chungui, como un símbolo imponente ante la barbarie, el atraso y el olvido. Dijo: “Señores, Chungui no puede seguir olvidado y marginado, no queremos ser el pariente pobre de la provincia. Tenemos que renacer, fortalecer e incorporarnos a la modernidad y seguir avanzando hacia el desarrollo. Caminemos con la bendición de nuestra patrona”.

A pesar de todo lo narrado en este artículo, actualmente Chungui ni siquiera es considerado dentro de la relación de los 300 municipios más pobres del país, no obstante que se encuentra ubicado en el quintil uno del mapa de extrema pobreza, sin ningún tipo de servicio básico.

 

Artículo publicado en revista Retablo Nro. 44. Diciembre 2011. Ayacucho. Asociación SER

 

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