Jueves 17 Mayo, 2012
Para cerrar heridas
Enviado el 14/09/2011
El sufrimiento continúa. Ha transcurrido más de un mes y aún no pueden recibir los cuerpos de sus seres queridos.
Más allá de la angustia, el limbo jurídico que genera esta situación hace que el dolor de los familiares esté aún lejos de terminar.
El Estado está obligado a definir e implementar una política pública para resolver la situación de las personas desaparecidas durante el conflicto armado interno, una política pública que brinde una reparación integral y que regularice su situación jurídica ante RENIEC. Mientras no se haga esto, la reparación estará inconclusa.
La verdad y la justicia
Ana María Vidal Carrasco
“¿Y cuándo vuelve el desaparecido?
Cada vez que lo trae el pensamiento
¿Cómo se le habla al desaparecido?
Con la emoción apretando por dentro”
Desapariciones, Rubén Blades.
Leo en el periódico que está en riesgo la entrega de los restos de nueve campesinos secuestrados y asesinados en el Santa a sus familiares, debido a un retraso en la entrega del informe de Medicina Legal. Los restos de los campesinos, desaparecidos en mayo de 1992 por miembros del comando militar Colina en el gobierno de Fujimori, fueron encontrados el 6 de agosto, luego de 19 años de búsqueda incansable para sus familiares.
El sufrimiento continúa. Ha transcurrido más de un mes y aún no pueden recibir los cuerpos de sus seres queridos.
Según datos de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación, producto del conflicto armado interno que vivimos en el país, habría un estimado de 23,969 personas muertas y desaparecidas.
Más allá de la angustia, el limbo jurídico que genera esta situación hace que el dolor de los familiares esté aún lejos de terminar.
La situación jurídica de la desaparición forzada
La situación de la desaparición forzada, además la incertidumbre de no encontrar el cuerpo de sus seres queridos, genera una serie de complicaciones legales, ya que debido a la ausencia del cuerpo, tampoco se puede declarar a la persona como muerta. La Ley Nº 28413 establece las reglas sobre cómo tratar estos casos de desaparición forzada ocurrida durante el conflicto.
Según esta Ley, es la Defensoría del Pueblo quien se encarga de verificar la ausencia de las personas desaparecidas y de entregar una constancia de desaparición de la persona. Después, esta constancia debe ser tramitada mediante un procedimiento judicial especial (no contencioso, gratuito y sin necesidad de abogado), para recién poder inscribir la desaparición ante el Registro Nacional de de Identificación y Estado Civil – RENIEC.
Según datos de la Defensoría del Pueblo, esta institución entregó 1044 constancias entre los años 2005 y 2008. De esas 1044 casos de personas desaparecidas, solo 191 fueron presentadas al Poder Judicial y solo 80 culminaron con una sentencia favorable. Es decir, solo en el 8% de constancias entregadas, los familiares lograron obtener una constancia judicial que acreditara la condición de desaparecido, para recién poderla inscribir en RENIEC. Al 2010, la Defensoría del Pueblo había entregado 1,540 constancias de ausencia por desaparición forzada. Sin embargo, solo 200 habían llegado al Poder Judicial para regularizar su situación jurídica.
La Defensoría planteó, a inicios de este año, la necesidad de modificar la Ley actual de desaparición forzada, con el fin de que la inscripción ante RENIEC se haga directamente con la constancia entregada que esta institución entregaba y sin necesidad de obtener una resolución judicial. De igual manera, se podría hacer esta inscripción de manera directa cuando el Consejo de Reparaciones acredite la desaparición de una persona. Esa norma aún no se aprueba, una más de las tantas tareas pendientes del nuevo gobierno.
La reparación
El Plan Integral de Reparaciones (PIR) aprobado por Ley Nº 28592 en el 2005, y su reglamento, reconocen siete programas de reparación a favor de las víctimas del conflicto, entre los cuales se encuentra la restitución de derechos ciudadanos, que es condición necesaria para acceder a otro programa de reparación que es el de reparación individual económica.
El Estado está obligado a definir e implementar una política pública para resolver la situación de las personas desaparecidas durante el conflicto armado interno, una política pública que brinde una reparación integral y que regularice su situación jurídica ante RENIEC. Mientras no se haga esto, la reparación estará inconclusa.
La verdad y la justicia
Y la reparación también seguirá inconclusa mientras no se conozca la verdad de lo que pasó en cada uno de estos crímenes, mientras no se encuentre a los perpetradores y mientras estos no cumplan su condena. Cerrar un solo caso argumentando falta de pruebas, es darle la espalda a cada una de las víctimas y sus familiares, es negar la verdad, la justicia y la reparación a todo un país.
Y por último, y quizá lo más importante, es la necesidad de encontrar los cuerpos. Mientras no sean encontrados las peruanas y peruanos desaparecidos en el conflicto, la violación se seguirá cometiendo, y el Estado continuará como perpetrador de crímenes de lesa humanidad. Urge que la política pública que se diseñe para esta problemática sea hecha con un verdadero enfoque de derechos humanos y que comprenda un plan integral de búsqueda de personas desaparecidas.
Queda mucho por trabajar si se quieren cerrar las heridas del conflicto armado interno. Cerrarlas de manera limpia, para que no sigan secretando pus y resentimiento, para que no nos sigan enfermando como sociedad.
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es verdad los que compran el oro a los mineros informales estan haciendo de las suyas pagando el precio q ellos kieren y en realidad el precio no a cambiado quisiera saber si es verdad que a ellos les estan descontado el 20 porciento de la venta del oro q ellos compran porq esa es la escusa q ellos ponen o dicen q nadies quiere comprar el precio en ica esta entre 50 y 70 el cual antes estaba en 100 y 120 Leer más >>
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