“El Estado de Emergencia es totalmente innecesario”
Carlos Monge, analista político e investigador de DESCO, opina sobre el conflicto por el Proyecto minero Conga y la respuesta que el gobierno ha dado a este.
¿Cómo analiza el conflicto social en Conga?
Primero hay que decir que se trata de un conflicto heredado que se vino acumulando desde gobiernos anteriores y que responde a una política de promoción de inversiones mineras e hidro carburíferas sin considerar la opinión de las poblaciones locales y los impactos ambientales. Esta política se ha traducido en la entrega generalizada de concesiones y una promoción de proyectos de inversión a los cuales les ha aprobado los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) con una revisión absolutamente superficial y poco seria. De modo que al gobierno de Humala le estalla una bomba en las manos.
¿Cree que ha sido adecuada la respuesta del gobierno nacional?
Ha habido un mal manejo del gobierno que dio un conjunto de señales contradictorias, agravando el conflicto. Recordemos que es un gobierno que ingresa después de haber afirmado los derechos de la gente y la necesidad de proteger el medio ambiente y el agua.
Incluso aprobó la Ley de Consulta Previa. ¿Resulta contradictorio?
Cuando se aprueba en el Congreso la Ley de la Consulta, se generaron mayores expectativas en la gente que siente que puede expresarse en contra de un proyecto que fue consultado de manera dudosa y mereció la aprobación del EIA por el Ministerio de Energía y Minas. Por otro lado, el gobierno negoció con los empresarios el gravamen minero, el aporte adicional de tres mil millones, asegurándoles de alguna manera que las inversiones van, y que está claramente expresado en el mensaje del premier Lerner en el Congreso de la República. Entonces, por un lado entusiasma a la gente a través de la consulta, y por otro lado se amarra con los empresarios. Eso genera un mensaje contradictorio.
¿Cómo ve el papel de la empresa minera Yanacocha en todo este tema?
Entiendo que Yanacocha habiendo recibido esa señal, habiendo sido parte de la negociación con el gobierno considera que todo está resuelto y arranca la operación y comienza a mover maquinaria, a pesar de las protestas de la población.
¿Saldrán victoriosos los cajamarquinos en su lucha por “Conga no va”?
Frente al conflicto, Humala dijo que el proyecto iba pero luego le pidió a la empresa suspender sus actividades. Y eso naturalmente, fue visto como un triunfo por los cajamarquinos, a ello se suma, luego, el análisis que hizo el Ministerio del Ambiente del EIA, con lo cual los cajamarquinos sienten que se les ha dado la razón. Entonces hay señales de parte del gobierno que le dan la razón al empresariado y también a los cajamarquinos, lo cual por supuesto, hace profundizar un desentendimiento y una situación de conflicto que culmina con una mala negociación.
¿Debió darse el Estado de Emergencia?
A mí me parece el Estado de Emergencia es totalmente innecesario. Entiendo que ha habido una disposición de la dirigencia de asentar la constitución de dos comisiones, y de entrar a una discusión sobre el proyecto Conga y otra más general sobre la visión de desarrollo en Cajamarca. Obviamente iba a haber puntos de vista discrepantes. Pero en realidad el ánimo ya estaba como para dejar la medida y entrar a negociar. No ha habido daños a la parte pública ni privada que justifique esta actitud, el Estado de Emergencia es una respuesta en última instancia, y no debe ser la primera respuesta. Todo eso se agrava con la detención de los dirigentes sociales de la zona, sin que haya una orden ni un proceso legal en curso. Eso ya configura un cuadro bien preocupante y da contrapeso a todo lo que se esperaba de este gobierno.
Finalmente, ¿qué puede venir para más adelante en cuanto al tema del manejo de la conflictividad en el país por parte de este gobierno?
El conflicto de Andahuaylas, parece ser que fue bien manejado. Sin embargo, preocupa que en Cañete, por un problema que no debió haber llegado a mayores, se termine con un muerto. Van cinco meses de gobierno, un muerto y una represión violenta, no quiero imaginar que en los próximos años vamos a tener que estar recurriendo al Estado de Emergencia frente a cualquier conflicto social que pueda surgir.
Haykapikaman Suyasun
Programa Radial (Huanta)Entrevistado: Jorge Manco Zaconetti, especialista en hidrocarburos y energía :
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Tema: Sobre el Proyecto de Ley que busca incrementar el FOCAM
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